Reasons for miscarriage

Many early miscarriages happen because the pregnancy did not develop normally, often through a chance change in genetic material. Other possibilities include changes in the uterus or cervix, hormonal or thyroid problems, infection, or an underlying health condition. Sometimes no clear reason is found after one loss. A miscarriage is usually not caused by ordinary activity, sex, work, or a single emotional event, and self-blame is not medically justified. Bleeding and cramping can have causes other than miscarriage, so symptoms need confirmation rather than assumptions.

Contact a maternity or gynaecology service for advice about bleeding or pain in pregnancy. A Transvaginal Ultrasound may help establish the pregnancy’s location and development; blood tests may also be used. If miscarriage is confirmed, options can include waiting for the tissue to pass, Medical Management of Miscarriage, or Surgical Management of Miscarriage. The suitable choice depends on symptoms, examination, pregnancy findings, and your preference. Ask about pain relief, follow-up, emotional support, and when to try for pregnancy again.

Seek emergency care for heavy bleeding with dizziness or faintness, severe or one-sided abdominal pain, shoulder-tip pain, collapse, fever, or feeling acutely unwell. These symptoms can signal significant bleeding, infection, or a pregnancy outside the uterus and need prompt assessment. Even light bleeding should be discussed if pregnancy is possible, particularly when pain is present.

How will you confirm what is happening? Is the pregnancy in the uterus? Which management option fits my symptoms and preferences? What warning signs should I watch for? Do I need follow-up or tests before another pregnancy?