What should you know about radiotherapy uses which rays?

Many radiotherapy machines produce high-energy X-rays, also called photon beams. They enter the body and deposit energy along a planned path. Electrons are another option for shallow targets because they do not travel as deeply as photon beams. Specialist centres may use proton or other particle beams for selected situations.

The word radiation describes energy, not one single treatment. The beam type, energy, direction and dose are chosen using scans, measurements and computer planning. The goal is to cover the intended area while reducing exposure to healthy tissue around it.

You may have a planning scan and a custom position or support so the same area can be treated consistently. The machine may rotate around you, but it does not touch you. You will need to remain still and may be able to speak with the team through an intercom.

External-beam radiotherapy does not make your body radioactive. If radioactive material is placed inside the body, safety instructions are different and your team will explain them clearly. Ask before using any new supplement or treatment during your course.

Contact your treatment team about new or worsening pain, skin changes, swallowing trouble, bowel or bladder changes, unusual tiredness or difficulty attending treatment. Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, sudden confusion, fainting or uncontrolled bleeding. Symptoms depend on the treated body area, not simply on the name of the beam.

Ask which beam is planned and why it suits the target, how nearby organs will be protected, whether the treatment is external or internal, and what sensations or side effects to expect. Ask whether you need special precautions at home and whom to contact between sessions.