Prevention of bronchial asthma

Asthma involves sensitive, inflamed airways that can narrow in response to triggers. Triggers differ between people and may include tobacco smoke, dust, mould, strong scents, pollution, viral infections, exercise, or uncontrolled allergic rhinitis. Prevention focuses on identifying personal patterns and keeping airway inflammation controlled; it does not mean avoiding every activity.

Do not smoke, and avoid second-hand smoke where possible. Reduce indoor dust and dampness, wash bedding regularly, and consider whether house dust mite allergy is contributing. Follow the inhaler plan prescribed for you and keep reliever medicine available if advised. Learn your early warning signs, such as cough, wheeze, or chest tightness, and use the agreed action plan. Keep vaccinations and routine reviews up to date, and ask about work or exercise triggers rather than stopping activity without advice.

Seek urgent care if breathing is rapidly worsening, speaking is difficult, lips look blue or grey, or a reliever inhaler is not helping as directed. A severe attack may need supervised treatment, including a nebuliser. Arrange a review for repeated night symptoms, frequent reliever use, or a cough that keeps returning.

Ask which triggers fit your pattern, how to check inhaler technique, and what your written action plan says at each stage of worsening symptoms. Ask whether allergic rhinitis or house dust mite allergy needs treatment and when to book a review.