Pneumonia in puppies: what to know

A puppy with pneumonia may cough, breathe rapidly, tire during small movements, have nasal discharge, fever, poor appetite or unusual sleepiness. Vomited milk or food entering the airways can cause aspiration pneumonia; infectious causes are also possible. Young puppies have limited reserves and may become dehydrated or weak while signs are subtle. A veterinarian may assess breathing, listen to the chest, check hydration and temperature, and use imaging or samples when needed.

Arrange a veterinary examination promptly and keep the puppy quiet, warm and away from smoke, dust and other dogs. Offer small amounts of water only if the puppy is alert and swallowing normally; never force food, fluids or medication into a struggling puppy. Keep notes on coughing, appetite, vomiting and breathing. Separate the puppy from other dogs until a contagious cause has been considered. Give antibiotics or other medicines only when prescribed for that puppy.

Go to an emergency veterinarian for open-mouth breathing, pronounced belly effort, blue or grey gums, collapse, repeated vomiting, inability to swallow, severe weakness or a puppy that cannot settle because breathing is difficult. A sudden decline can mean dangerously poor oxygen delivery or a serious infection such as sepsis. Do not wait for a cough to become severe.

Ask whether aspiration, infection or another problem is suspected, how breathing should be monitored at home, and which signs mean immediate return. Mention vaccination status, contact with other dogs, recent vomiting, deworming, medicines and any birth or feeding difficulties.