Pneumonia in horses: signs and veterinary care

Pneumonia is inflammation and infection within lung tissue. A horse may develop fever, cough, nasal discharge, faster breathing, reduced appetite, dullness, or reluctance to move. Some horses show increased effort at the flank or nostril movement rather than a dramatic cough. Causes can include infection or material entering the lungs, and the treatment plan depends on the examination. A veterinarian may listen to the chest and use imaging or laboratory testing to guide care.

Contact an equine veterinarian promptly and describe the horse’s breathing, temperature, appetite, discharge, and recent travel or illness. Treatment may include prescribed antimicrobials, fluids, anti-inflammatory medicine, or oxygen support, depending on severity and cause. Keep the horse quiet in a clean, well-ventilated area with minimal dust. Provide water and feed as advised, and never force exercise or give leftover medication. Follow isolation guidance if an infectious cause is suspected.

Seek emergency veterinary help for laboured breathing, nostrils held wide at rest, blue or grey gums, collapse, severe weakness, inability to drink, or rapidly worsening discharge and fever. A horse that stops eating or becomes markedly depressed also needs urgent review. Keep handling calm while help is arranged because exertion can increase breathing strain.

Ask what cause is suspected, whether chest imaging or samples are needed, how to give each medicine, whether other horses need separation, and how to monitor breathing and appetite. Confirm when the horse can return to turnout or work and which changes require immediate contact.