Which part of the body does pneumonia affect?

In pneumonia, infection or inflammation can make the air sacs fill with fluid and inflammatory material instead of air. This can make breathing uncomfortable and reduce oxygen transfer. One lung, part of a lung, or both lungs may be involved. Cough, fever, chills, tiredness, chest discomfort, and breathlessness can occur, although the pattern varies with the cause and the person’s age and health. Other organs can become affected if a severe infection spreads beyond the lungs.

Arrange a clinical assessment for new breathlessness, chest pain, fever, or a cough that is getting worse. The clinician may listen to your chest, check oxygen levels, and request imaging or other tests. Treatment depends on the cause and may include prescription medicine, fluids, rest, or hospital monitoring. Take prescribed treatment as directed and avoid smoking while recovering.

Call emergency services for severe difficulty breathing, blue or grey lips, confusion, collapse, or inability to stay awake. Seek same-day care for worsening breathlessness, chest pain with breathing, persistent fever, or marked dehydration. Very little urine, cold clammy skin, or rapidly worsening weakness can signal a serious infection affecting the whole body.

Which part of my lungs is affected? What tests will identify the cause? How should I monitor breathing at home? Which changes mean I need hospital care?