What is Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?

The infection inflames the tiny air spaces where oxygen moves into the blood. Symptoms may build gradually and can include dry cough, fever, chills, tiredness, and increasing breathlessness during activity or at rest. It is more likely to occur when immune defences are reduced by conditions or medicines. It is different from common bacterial pneumonia, so the history, examination, oxygen level, and sometimes chest imaging or laboratory tests guide diagnosis.

Arrange prompt medical assessment if you have a new persistent cough or breathlessness and have a weakened immune system. Share your full medicine list, including steroids or immune-suppressing treatment. Treatment is prescription-based and may need monitoring of breathing and blood tests. Take medicines exactly as directed and do not use leftover antibiotics. Rest, drink fluids if safe for you, and avoid smoke while awaiting advice.

Call emergency services for severe breathlessness, blue or grey lips, confusion, collapse, or inability to speak in full sentences. Seek same-day care for rapidly worsening breathing, chest pain, persistent high fever, or marked weakness. A serious infection can affect the whole body; worsening alertness, clammy skin, or very little urine needs urgent attention.

Could my medicines or health condition increase my risk? Which tests will distinguish this infection from other causes? Do I need preventive treatment? What change in breathing should send me to hospital?