How pertussis spreads

The bacteria can move between people when an infected person coughs, talks or sneezes near someone else. Risk is greater with repeated indoor contact, shared living space and close caregiving. Early illness may look like a common cold, so people can spread pertussis before the distinctive coughing fits appear. A person may remain infectious while the bacteria are present; a clinician can explain how treatment changes that period. Babies are especially vulnerable to breathing problems, and older children or adults may have a less obvious cough.

Call a clinician if you have a new cough after close exposure, and mention the date and nature of the contact. Avoid close contact with babies, pregnant people and anyone with serious health problems until you receive advice. Cover coughs and sneezes, wash hands, improve ventilation, and do not share cups or utensils during illness. Follow prescribed antibiotic treatment exactly; household contacts may be offered preventive advice. Check whether childhood immunisation is up to date.

Seek emergency care for breathing difficulty, blue or grey lips, pauses in breathing, collapse or confusion. Arrange prompt assessment for any baby exposed to pertussis, particularly if feeding becomes difficult or the baby coughs repeatedly. A worsening cough, vomiting after fits or inability to drink also needs timely medical review.

Ask how long you should avoid close contact, whether household members need assessment or preventive treatment, and whether your vaccination record needs review.