Pertussis causes and symptoms

The infection irritates the airways. Early signs may include a runny nose, sneezing, tiredness and a mild fever. As irritation increases, coughing can come in forceful clusters, sometimes followed by a high-pitched breath in or vomiting. Babies may have pauses in breathing rather than a noticeable whoop. A cough can remain troublesome after the person otherwise feels better.

Arrange a clinical assessment if a cough is severe, comes in attacks, or follows contact with someone who has pertussis. Rest, drink fluids and avoid smoke or other airway irritants. Cover coughs, wash hands, and reduce close contact with babies and pregnant people until a clinician explains when ordinary activities are appropriate. Ask whether testing, antibiotics, or preventive advice for household contacts is needed.

Get urgent help for difficult or stopped breathing, blue or grey lips, marked drowsiness, dehydration, or repeated choking. Seek prompt medical advice for an infant with coughing spells, an adult with breathing difficulty, or anyone whose symptoms are rapidly worsening. A cough with fever can have several causes; its pattern and the person’s age help guide assessment.

Ask: Could this be pertussis? Does the cough pattern require a test? Should people at home receive advice or treatment? When can the patient return to work, school or childcare? Which warning signs should prompt urgent review?