Pediatric anaphylaxis treatment: an emergency guide

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can affect breathing, circulation and several body systems quickly. A child may develop swelling of the lips or tongue, hoarse voice, wheezing, widespread hives, vomiting, dizziness or collapse. Skin symptoms may be absent, so sudden breathing or circulation problems after a possible allergen still require urgent action.

Adrenaline is the first emergency medicine. Antihistamines do not replace it when anaphylaxis is suspected. Hospital observation is needed because symptoms can return after initial improvement.

Follow the child’s written allergy plan. Give adrenaline into the outer thigh through clothing if the prescribed device instructions allow it, call emergency services, and tell them anaphylaxis is suspected. Lay the child flat with legs raised if tolerated; allow sitting only if breathing is difficult, and keep the child still. If symptoms do not improve and another prescribed dose is available, follow the emergency plan while waiting for help.

Seek emergency help for any suspected anaphylaxis, including breathing difficulty, wheezing, throat swelling, faintness, collapse or rapidly worsening symptoms after food, medicine or an insect sting. Even if the child improves after adrenaline, assessment in hospital remains necessary.

Ask how to recognise the child’s triggers, use and replace auto-injectors, create a school and travel plan, and arrange allergy testing or specialist review. Ensure caregivers know where the devices are kept.