What should you know about osteoporosis symptoms?

Osteoporosis reduces bone strength without necessarily causing aches or visible changes. Some people first learn they have it after a fall causes a hip fracture, or after a small movement leads to a wrist or other fracture. A vertebral compression fracture can cause sudden or gradually worsening back pain, a more stooped posture, or loss of height. Several spinal fractures may make clothing fit differently or make standing upright harder.

These features do not confirm osteoporosis on their own. Back pain, for example, has many possible causes, and a fracture can occur for reasons other than low bone density. A clinician considers your symptoms, fracture history, medicines, health conditions, and risk factors before deciding whether testing is appropriate.

Arrange a clinical review after an unexpected fracture, persistent new back pain, noticeable height loss, or a change in posture. Assessment may include an examination and a bone density scan, with other tests chosen when a vitamin or medical cause needs checking. Until you are assessed, avoid movements that sharply worsen pain and reduce fall hazards such as loose rugs or poor lighting. Do not start calcium or vitamin D products, or prescription bone treatment, without advice about whether they suit you.

Seek urgent medical help after a fall or minor impact if you cannot bear weight, have severe hip or back pain, develop marked swelling or deformity, or cannot use an affected limb normally. Get prompt assessment for sudden intense back pain, new numbness or weakness, or difficulty controlling your bladder or bowel. These signs may indicate a significant fracture or pressure on nerves and need examination rather than home treatment alone.

Ask: Could my fracture or back pain be related to reduced bone strength? Do I need a bone density scan? Which medicines or health conditions may affect my bones? Should my vitamin D or calcium intake be checked? What activities are safe while pain settles, and how can I reduce my risk of another fall?