Nasal congestion treatment for adults

A stuffy nose happens when the lining of the nose swells, mucus increases, or both occur together. A common cold often improves as the infection settles. Allergic rhinitis may cause repeated blockage with sneezing, itching, and watery discharge. Sinusitis can add facial pressure or changes in smell; chronic sinusitis lasts longer and may recur. Obstructive sleep apnoea is a separate sleep-related breathing condition, but nasal obstruction can make sleep symptoms harder to manage.

Saline spray or irrigation can moisturise the nose and clear secretions; follow the instructions and use safe water for irrigation. Avoid smoke and other irritants, and address a known allergy trigger where practical. A pharmacist can help select an antihistamine or nasal steroid when allergy is the pattern. Decongestant sprays can provide short-term opening of the nose, but extended use may cause rebound congestion. Oral decongestants can affect blood pressure, heart rate, sleep, or other medicines, so check before taking them. Do not share nasal devices, and clean reusable equipment as directed.

Book an appointment if blockage lasts beyond a typical cold, keeps returning, affects one side, or interferes with sleep or daily activities. Medical review is also sensible with facial pain, fever, nosebleeds, reduced smell, or discharge that is persistent. Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, swelling around the eyes, confusion, a stiff neck, or a sudden severe headache.

What cause best fits my symptoms and examination? Which nasal treatment is safe with my medicines and health conditions? Should I use a spray, rinse, or allergy treatment, and when should I stop or return for review?