What should you know about miscarriage bleeding?

Bleeding in early pregnancy does not by itself confirm a miscarriage. It can occur with an ongoing pregnancy, an early pregnancy loss, or another condition that needs review. During a miscarriage, blood may be bright red or brown and may be accompanied by tissue, lower abdominal pain, or cramps. A clinician may ask about the amount, colour, clots, pain and pregnancy dates, then use an examination, pregnancy hormone testing or a transvaginal ultrasound to clarify what is happening.

Use pads so you can observe the bleeding, and record when it started and whether it is becoming lighter or heavier. Rest if you feel weak, drink fluids, and avoid putting anything in the vagina until a clinician advises you. Arrange prompt medical assessment, especially if pregnancy location or viability has not been confirmed. A [Transvaginal Ultrasound](/treatments/diagnostics-and-imaging/transvaginal-ultrasound/) may help guide the next step. If miscarriage is confirmed, options may include [Medical Management of Miscarriage](/treatments/medical-gynaecology/medical-management-of-miscarriage/) or [Surgical Management of Miscarriage](/treatments/gynaecological-surgery/surgical-management-of-miscarriage/).

Seek emergency care for bleeding that is rapidly soaking pads, severe or one-sided abdominal pain, shoulder-tip pain, fainting, marked dizziness, fever, or feeling very unwell. These signs can indicate significant blood loss, infection, or an ectopic pregnancy, which needs urgent treatment. Contact a maternity or gynaecology service promptly for any bleeding in pregnancy that persists, returns, or is accompanied by worsening pain.

Ask what the bleeding pattern suggests, whether an ultrasound or repeat pregnancy hormone test is needed, how to monitor at home, and which service to contact overnight. If miscarriage is confirmed, ask how expectant, medical, and surgical care differ for your situation.