What should you know about milk and osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis weakens bone structure and may progress without obvious symptoms until a fracture occurs. Milk and other dairy foods can provide calcium and protein, but drinking milk alone does not diagnose, prevent or reverse osteoporosis. Absorption and bone health are influenced by the overall diet, vitamin D status, muscle strength, activity, age, medicines and other health conditions. Low vitamin D may need assessment; learn more about [Vitamin D Deficiency](/conditions/vitamin-d-deficiency/).

Include suitable calcium-containing foods in a balanced eating pattern, choosing alternatives if you do not tolerate dairy. Regular weight-bearing and resistance activity can help maintain strength, with exercises adapted to your joints and fracture risk. Avoid starting large supplement doses without advice, because needs vary and supplements can interact with medicines. A [Bone Density Scan](/treatments/diagnostics-and-screening/bone-density-scan/) may help assess fracture risk. Your clinician may discuss [Calcium Supplementation](/treatments/non-surgical-orthopedics/calcium-supplementation/), [Vitamin D Supplementation](/treatments/medical-management/vitamin-d-supplementation/) or prescription treatment when appropriate.

Seek prompt assessment after a fall or new pain in the hip, back or ribs, especially if movement becomes difficult. Sudden back pain, a change in posture or pain after a minor strain can need evaluation for a vertebral compression fracture. Do not wait for symptoms before discussing risk if you have had a low-impact fracture, prolonged steroid use or a known reduction in bone density. Treatment options may include [Bisphosphonate Therapy](/treatments/non-surgical-orthopedics/bisphosphonate-therapy/).

Ask how much calcium and vitamin D suits you, whether a scan is needed, which exercises are safe, and whether another condition or medicine affects bone strength. Ask what symptoms after a fall require urgent review.