What should you know about melanoma of the retina?

The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. A pigmented or unusual retinal finding may be a melanoma, but it may also represent another tumour, a benign mole-like lesion, bleeding or an inflammatory change. Only a trained eye specialist can interpret its appearance, growth pattern and imaging.

Possible symptoms include reduced or distorted vision, flashes, floaters or a missing area in the visual field. Some lesions cause no symptoms and are found at an examination. Ultrasound, retinal photography, optical imaging and other scans may be used to map the finding and check nearby structures.

Follow the referral timetable given by your optometrist or doctor and avoid relying on photographs or online descriptions to identify the lesion. Bring prior eye images so the specialist can compare change over time. Treatment may involve observation for a carefully assessed lesion, local radiation, laser treatment, surgery or systemic medicine when appropriate. General information about [Melanoma](/conditions/melanoma/) and [Tumour Removal Surgery](/treatments/surgical-oncology/tumour-removal-surgery/) can help you prepare questions.

Seek urgent eye care for sudden vision loss, a curtain or veil across vision, severe eye pain, new double vision or a sudden shower of floaters or flashes. These symptoms need prompt assessment regardless of the eventual diagnosis. After a melanoma diagnosis, contact the treating team about new persistent headaches, weakness, confusion or other unexplained changes rather than waiting for the next planned review.

Ask whether the lesion is in the retina or another eye structure, what imaging shows, whether it has changed, and whether a biopsy is appropriate. Ask how treatment may affect central or peripheral vision, what follow-up schedule is planned, and when to call between visits.