Melanoma brain metastasis symptoms: what to know

A brain metastasis is melanoma that has travelled from its original site to the brain. Symptoms depend on the area affected and the amount of swelling around a lesion. Some people develop a persistent or worsening headache, nausea, drowsiness, personality or memory changes, or difficulty finding words. Others notice one-sided weakness, numbness, unsteadiness, or a change in coordination. These signs can also have many causes, so they do not by themselves confirm melanoma spread.

Assessment usually includes a neurological examination and brain imaging. Tell the clinician about your melanoma history, when the change began, whether it is worsening, and any medicines you take.

Contact your oncology or medical team promptly about a new neurological symptom, even if it comes and goes. Keep a brief record of timing, triggers, severity, and associated changes such as vomiting or a fall. Do not drive if you have had a seizure, fainting episode, new confusion, or impaired vision. Your team may discuss imaging, local treatment, and medicines to reduce swelling or control seizures; options are selected according to the scan and your overall health.

Call emergency services now for a first seizure, a seizure that does not stop, sudden one-sided weakness, a new inability to speak, severe confusion, loss of consciousness, or a sudden severe headache. Urgent assessment is also needed after a head injury or repeated vomiting with a neurological change. These red flags require immediate attention regardless of whether the cause is known.

Ask which symptom changes should trigger an emergency call, what scan is appropriate, and whether a medicine could affect alertness or driving. You can also ask how the findings might change treatment and how follow-up will monitor the brain.