Massive headache: what to know

Severe head pain may occur with a viral illness, dehydration, heat exposure, sinus symptoms, migraine or muscle tension. Conditions such as [Dengue Fever](/conditions/dengue-fever/) and [COVID-19](/conditions/covid-19/) can also cause headache with other symptoms. The pain alone cannot identify its cause.

Pay attention to when it began, how quickly it reached its peak, where it hurts, and whether fever, vomiting, neck stiffness, weakness, numbness, confusion or vision changes are present.

Stop strenuous activity and rest somewhere quiet. Sip fluids if you can swallow normally, avoid heat, and note any recent illness, injury, new medicine or exposure. Do not drive if you feel confused, faint or your vision is affected.

Use only a pain medicine that is suitable for you and follow its label or a clinician's advice. A [Common Cold](/conditions/common-cold/) or [Chronic Sinusitis](/conditions/chronic-sinusitis/) may cause headache with congestion, but severe or unfamiliar pain still deserves careful review.

Call emergency services for a sudden explosive headache, new weakness or numbness, trouble speaking, fainting, seizure, confusion, severe vision change, stiff neck, or a headache after a head injury. Urgent assessment is also needed with high fever, repeated vomiting or a rapidly worsening pattern.

Arrange a medical appointment for new recurring headaches, pain that changes your usual pattern, or headaches that keep returning despite sensible self-care. [Heat Exhaustion](/conditions/heat-exhaustion/) and [Dehydration](/conditions/dehydration/) are relevant possibilities after heat or fluid loss.

Ask: What features make this headache urgent? Could another illness or medicine be contributing? Which pain treatments are suitable? Do I need examination, monitoring or further tests?