Malignant melanoma diagnosis: what to know

A dermatologist examines the whole skin surface, including nearby lymph nodes, and may use dermoscopy to inspect pigment patterns more closely. A suspicious area is generally removed or sampled so a pathologist can examine its cells. The report can describe the melanoma type, depth, ulceration and whether the edges are clear. These details help the team decide whether further surgery or staging tests are appropriate.

A biopsy confirms whether the lesion is melanoma; it does not mean every changing mole is cancer. The diagnosis is discussed alongside your examination and medical history.

Arrange a timely dermatology assessment for a changing mole, a new dark mark, bleeding, crusting or a spot that does not heal. Do not pick at it or try to remove it yourself. Photographing the area and noting when you first saw the change can help the clinician compare its appearance. If melanoma is confirmed, ask whether Surgical Excision or Skin Cancer Surgery is suitable and whether a Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy is relevant.

Book a prompt appointment for a lesion changing in size, shape or colour, especially when it develops several shades, an irregular border, persistent bleeding or a new firm lump. Seek urgent medical help for uncontrolled bleeding, rapidly worsening swelling, severe pain, fever or feeling very unwell. Urgency is based on the feature itself, not on assuming that a symptom proves melanoma.

Ask what the biopsy showed, whether the margins are clear, what the depth means, whether lymph-node assessment is needed, and which follow-up schedule fits your result. You can also ask how treatment such as Immunotherapy may be considered if the disease has spread.