How to get rid of head lice

Head lice are small insects that live close to the scalp and attach their eggs, called nits, to hair shafts. Itching can develop after the scalp reacts to bites, but some people have little or no itch at first. Nits can be confused with dandruff because they cling to the hair, while loose flakes brush away more easily. A fine-toothed comb and good lighting can help identify live lice.

Use a pharmacy or clinician-recommended treatment and follow its timing and application instructions. Wet-comb from the roots to the ends, wiping the comb after each pass, and repeat checks on the schedule advised for that product. Wash recently used pillowcases, hats, and towels, and soak combs and brushes in hot water. Avoid spraying insecticide around the home. Check household members and treat only people with confirmed live lice or clear professional advice.

Arrange a GP consultation when you cannot tell whether insects are present, treatment has not worked as directed, or scalp scratching has caused sores. Seek prompt advice for spreading redness, pus, fever, or a child who is very distressed. Severe itching that is worse at night or an itchy scalp can have causes other than lice and may need separate assessment.

Did you find live lice or only nits? Which treatment suits my age and scalp condition? Do household contacts need checking, and when should I repeat treatment or combing?