Irritating cough: causes and practical care

A dry, tickling cough can follow a common cold or exposure to smoke, dust, perfume or dry air. Nasal mucus dripping backwards may cause frequent throat clearing. Reflux can stimulate coughing after meals or when lying down. Allergic rhinitis may add itchy eyes, sneezing or a runny nose. Asthma can present mainly as cough and may be triggered by exertion, cold air or allergens. Acute bronchitis often follows a viral respiratory illness and can leave the airways sensitive. The sound of a cough alone cannot identify its cause.

Drink fluids, use a soothing lozenge if suitable, and avoid smoke and vaping. Try humidified air if your surroundings are dry, while keeping equipment clean. If nasal symptoms are present, saline spray or rinse may reduce drainage. Raise your head slightly at night if lying down worsens symptoms, and avoid eating immediately before bed when reflux seems relevant. Do not start antibiotics or combine cough medicines without advice. A pharmacist can check whether a product is safe with your regular medicines.

Get urgent help if you cannot breathe comfortably, develop sudden throat or facial swelling, cough blood, become confused or notice blue lips. Seek prompt review for chest pain, severe wheezing, dehydration or a fever with significant deterioration. Make a medical appointment when the cough does not settle, keeps returning, interrupts sleep or is associated with unexplained weight loss or persistent hoarseness. Bring a list of medicines and note any environmental or activity triggers.

Ask what features point towards reflux, allergy, asthma, a cold or bronchitis. Explain whether the cough is dry, what time it appears, and whether you have nasal symptoms, heartburn, wheeze or fever. Ask how long to try self-care and which symptoms mean you should return sooner.