What should you know about human mastitis?

Milk stasis, pressure from a full breast, nipple damage, or bacteria entering through a cracked nipple can contribute. Symptoms may develop in one breast and can appear quickly. A breast infection is possible, but not every episode is caused by infection. Breast pain can be part of mastitis, while painful breastfeeding may make feeding and milk removal harder.

Continue feeding or expressing milk if you are able, using a comfortable position and avoiding forceful massage. Rest, drink to thirst, and use a cool pack between feeds for swelling. A well-fitting bra and simple pain relief suitable for you may help. A lactation consultation can check latch, positioning, and milk removal. If symptoms are not easing, a clinician may assess whether prescription treatment is needed.

Arrange prompt medical care for fever, chills, feeling markedly unwell, worsening redness or swelling, pus, or a painful area that remains firm. Urgent help is needed for confusion, fainting, severe weakness, or trouble breathing. Seek assessment if symptoms do not start improving with supportive care, because an abscess may need specific treatment.

Ask whether your symptoms suggest inflammation, infection, or an abscess; whether you should continue breastfeeding or expressing; which pain medicines fit your health and feeding plan; and when you should return if the breast remains painful or hard.