What should you know about HPV throat cancer?

Persistent infection with certain HPV types can contribute to cancers in parts of the throat, especially the oropharynx. A person may notice a lasting sore throat, pain or difficulty when swallowing, a neck lump, ear pain, voice change or unexplained weight loss. These symptoms have many possible causes, so they do not by themselves confirm cancer.

Assessment may include an examination of the mouth and throat, a camera examination of the throat, scans and a biopsy. Pathology can test tumour tissue for features associated with HPV. This information helps the team discuss the likely behaviour of the cancer and suitable treatment choices.

Arrange a medical review for a throat symptom that persists, worsens or affects swallowing, speaking or breathing. Tell the clinician about smoking, alcohol use, previous HPV-related problems, dental symptoms and any neck swelling.

Treatment depends on the tumour’s site, size and spread, as well as your general health. Options may include tumour removal surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination. Speech, swallowing, nutrition and dental support can be part of care before and after treatment.

Seek emergency care for difficulty breathing, inability to swallow saliva, rapidly increasing neck swelling, coughing blood, or sudden severe bleeding from the mouth or throat. These signs can threaten the airway or reflect another urgent problem.

Ask where the suspected tumour is located, whether a biopsy is needed, whether the tissue shows HPV-associated features, how swallowing and speech may be protected, and which treatments are being considered.