How is thalassaemia treated?

Thalassaemia affects haemoglobin, the part of red blood cells that carries oxygen. Some people have a mild form or thalassaemia trait and need only occasional review. More active disease can cause anaemia, fatigue or pale skin and may require care from a haematology team.

Regular blood transfusions can provide healthy red blood cells when the body cannot make enough. Repeated transfusions can lead to excess iron, so clinicians may use iron-chelating medicine and monitor iron levels and organ health. Treatment plans are individual and can change over time.

Arrange an assessment if thalassaemia is suspected or your symptoms have changed. A blood test helps assess haemoglobin and red cell features; further tests may clarify the type. Keep appointments, take prescribed medicines as directed and tell the team about new medicines or supplements before taking iron, because iron is not automatically appropriate for thalassaemia-related anaemia.

Ask whether you need a specialist review, vaccination planning or family testing. If you are planning a pregnancy, discuss screening with both partners so the implications of inherited haemoglobin conditions are understood.

Seek urgent medical help for severe breathlessness, chest pain, fainting, marked weakness, confusion or a rapid worsening in your condition. Contact your clinical team promptly if you develop fever during a transfusion, dark urine, yellowing of the skin, or a reaction after treatment.

Ask which type of thalassaemia you have, whether you need regular blood tests, how treatment will protect against iron overload, and which symptoms should trigger an urgent call.