How Is Sciatica Treated?

Sciatica describes irritation or compression of a nerve root in the lower back, producing pain that travels into the buttock or leg. Leg numbness and tingling or radiating leg pain can occur, sometimes with weakness. The cause may involve a disc or narrowing around a nerve, so examination checks sensation, strength, reflexes, and movement. Treatment is chosen according to symptoms, function, and whether the nerve is becoming more affected.

Continue gentle daily movement where possible and change positions regularly; prolonged bed rest can make recovery and conditioning harder. Anti-inflammatory medication may be suitable for some people after a clinician or pharmacist checks medical risks. Physiotherapy and exercise therapy can guide walking, trunk movement, nerve-sensitive positions, and a gradual return to normal activity. An epidural steroid injection may be considered for persistent disabling leg pain. Microdiscectomy is a surgical option in selected cases when a disc is compressing a nerve and symptoms or weakness warrant it.

Seek emergency care for new loss of bladder or bowel control, numbness around the inner thighs or genitals, or rapidly worsening weakness in the leg or foot. Prompt assessment is also needed with fever, unexplained weight loss, a history of cancer, or severe pain after major trauma. Arrange review if numbness, tingling, or radiating pain is worsening or is stopping you from walking and working.

Ask which nerve appears affected, whether your strength and reflexes are reassuring, and what activity level is safe. Ask about medication risks, the purpose and timing of an epidural injection, and which changes would make surgical review appropriate.