How is premature ovarian insufficiency treated?

Premature ovarian insufficiency means the ovaries are working less consistently before the usual age of menopause. It can present with irregular periods, periods stopping, hot flushes, vaginal dryness, or trouble getting pregnant. A clinician may confirm the diagnosis with your history, examination, and hormone tests, while also considering causes such as Turner syndrome or other medical conditions. Treatment is planned around symptoms, age, medical history, pregnancy intentions, and whether contraception is needed.

Hormone replacement can restore oestrogen exposure and relieve symptoms for people who can use it; the clinician will discuss forms, doses, risks, and when to review the plan. Vaginal moisturisers or locally applied treatment may help dryness. Fertility counselling should explain that ovarian activity can be unpredictable and discuss assisted conception or other routes to parenthood if wanted. Calcium-rich foods, suitable physical activity, smoking avoidance, and attention to alcohol can support bone health. A bone density scan may be recommended to assess bone strength and guide follow-up.

Arrange an appointment if periods become irregular or stop, hot flushes begin, or vaginal dryness affects comfort. Seek prompt medical advice for unexpected bleeding after starting hormone treatment, severe pelvic pain, chest pain, sudden breathlessness, or one-sided leg swelling. Contact a fertility clinician when pregnancy is a goal, especially if periods have changed and you want to understand available options.

What tests will confirm the diagnosis and look for a cause? Is hormone replacement suitable for me? How will treatment affect contraception or pregnancy planning? When should bone health be checked? Which fertility options fit my goals?