How is ovarian cysts treated?

Many ovarian cysts are linked to the menstrual cycle and settle without an operation. A clinician considers your symptoms, age, pregnancy plans, menstrual status and the cyst's appearance. A transvaginal ultrasound can show whether it is fluid-filled, solid, simple or complex and whether another scan is needed.

Pelvic pain, ovulation pain or persistent bloating can have several causes, so symptoms alone do not identify the cyst type. The scan findings and changes over time guide the plan.

If the cyst looks uncomplicated and symptoms are mild, your clinician may recommend observation with a repeat assessment. Pain relief may be discussed, and the combined pill may reduce formation of some new cycle-related cysts, although it does not reliably shrink an existing cyst.

Surgery may be considered for a cyst that persists, grows, causes significant symptoms, twists the ovary or has concerning features. Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy uses small incisions to remove the cyst while aiming to preserve healthy ovarian tissue when possible. The surgical approach depends on the findings and your plans for fertility.

Seek urgent help for sudden severe pelvic pain, pain with vomiting, faintness, heavy bleeding, fever or a swollen, tender abdomen. These symptoms can signal a complication such as twisting or rupture and need prompt assessment.

Ask what the ultrasound shows, whether monitoring is safe, when follow-up is due, and which symptoms should bring you back sooner. If surgery is suggested, ask about ovarian tissue, fertility, recovery and whether the cyst will be examined in a laboratory.