How is bunions treated?

A bunion is a change in alignment around the big toe joint. The prominent area can rub against shoes, while the toe joint may become sore or stiff. Treatment is guided by pain, footwear tolerance, walking ability and joint movement rather than by appearance alone. Non-surgical care can improve comfort but does not usually straighten the bone alignment.

Choose shoes with a wide, deep toe box and avoid footwear that presses the bunion. Padding can reduce rubbing, while an anti-inflammatory medication may be suitable for some people after checking medical history and other medicines. Custom orthotics can redistribute pressure when foot mechanics contribute to symptoms. Gentle toe and ankle movement may preserve comfort. If pain continues despite these measures, a foot and ankle specialist can discuss bunion surgery, which is selected according to the joint alignment and functional problem.

Book an assessment when foot or toe pain changes how you walk, prevents ordinary shoes, or keeps returning. Seek prompt care for a rapidly worsening red, hot and swollen joint, an open sore over the bunion, marked numbness, or inability to bear weight. People with diabetes or reduced foot sensation should arrange earlier review of skin damage or pressure areas.

Ask whether your pain comes from the bunion, joint arthritis or another foot problem; which shoes and supports suit your foot; and what recovery would involve if surgery is considered. Ask how alignment and walking function will be assessed.