What should you know about having irregular periods?

Cycles can become irregular when ovulation is infrequent or absent, including with anovulation or polycystic ovary syndrome. Perimenopause may alter cycle timing, while premature ovarian insufficiency can affect periods earlier than expected. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, major stress, weight change, intense exercise, thyroid problems and some medicines or contraception can also change bleeding.

The pattern is useful: record the first day of bleeding, how long it lasts, how heavy it feels, spotting between periods, pelvic pain and any chance of pregnancy. Irregular bleeding is a symptom, not a diagnosis, and does not by itself identify one condition.

Track cycles for discussion with a clinician and take a pregnancy test when relevant. Mention acne, increased facial hair, hot flashes, nipple discharge, headaches or vision changes because these details may guide assessment. Treatment depends on the cause and goals; options may include the combined pill for cycle control or metformin for PCOS when clinically suitable.

Book a medical review if periods remain irregular, stop unexpectedly, occur after menopause, or come with pelvic pain, unusual discharge, dizziness, tiredness or symptoms of anaemia. Seek urgent care for very heavy bleeding with weakness or faintness, severe pain, or bleeding during pregnancy.

Ask whether you need a pregnancy test, blood tests or an examination, whether ovulation is occurring, and how the pattern affects fertility or bone health. Discuss contraception, plans for pregnancy, and which treatment fits your symptoms and medical history.