Having body aches: possible causes and next steps

Influenza and COVID-19 commonly present with body aches alongside tiredness, cough, sore throat or fever. Dengue Fever and malaria can cause aches with fever and a travel or mosquito-exposure history; urgent assessment is sensible after travel to an affected area. Brucellosis is another infection considered with prolonged fever and relevant unpasteurised animal-product exposure. Fibromyalgia may cause widespread pain, poor sleep and fatigue over a longer period. Hypothyroidism can contribute to muscle discomfort with cold sensitivity, constipation or low energy. Long COVID can involve persistent aches after an earlier infection.

Rest, drink fluids and use gentle movement when it does not worsen pain. Keep a record of where the aches occur, when they began, recent exercise, travel, insect bites, medicines and other symptoms. A pharmacist can discuss suitable pain relief, but check first if you have liver, kidney or stomach problems, take blood thinners, or are pregnant. Do not use leftover antibiotics.

Seek emergency help for severe breathing difficulty, chest pain, confusion, fainting, a stiff neck with severe headache, new weakness, or very dark urine with intense muscle pain. Arrange prompt review for persistent or worsening aches, marked fever, a spreading rash, swollen joints, dehydration, or symptoms after travel. Medical assessment can distinguish an acute infection from a medication effect or longer-term condition.

What pattern of pain is most useful to track? Could my recent illness, travel, exercise or medicine be contributing? Do I need tests for infection, thyroid problems or inflammation? Which pain relief is safe for me?