G6PD deficiency causes and triggers

The G6PD gene provides instructions for an enzyme that helps red blood cells withstand oxidative stress. An inherited change can reduce that protection. The condition is present from birth, although many people have no symptoms until red blood cells face extra stress.

A trigger is not the cause of the deficiency. Fever or another infection, particular medicines, some chemicals, or certain foods may damage red blood cells in a susceptible person. Haemolysis can lead to dark urine, pale skin, yellowing of the eyes, tiredness, dizziness, or breathlessness.

If G6PD deficiency is suspected, a clinician can review symptoms, family history, medicines, and relevant exposures. A blood test may support the assessment, although the timing of testing can matter after an episode of haemolysis. Tell healthcare professionals about the diagnosis before new treatment.

Family members may wish to ask whether testing is appropriate, particularly before medicines or pregnancy-related care. Keep a record of previous reactions and the product involved; this helps prevent accidental re-exposure.

Arrange urgent assessment for dark urine, rapidly worsening pale skin or yellowing, fainting, severe weakness, breathing difficulty, confusion, or chest discomfort after an infection, medicine, or exposure. These signs can reflect significant haemolysis or anaemia.

Ask whether your result confirms G6PD deficiency, which triggers matter for you, whether relatives should be tested, how to handle infections, and which warning signs require emergency care.