Freckles and pigmentation: what to know

Freckles are small areas of increased melanin, but other pigmentation conditions can look similar and need a clinician’s assessment before treatment. They are often flat and more noticeable after light exposure. The pattern, timing, texture, and symptoms help distinguish freckles from post-inflammatory marks, moles, or other lesions.

Melanin is the pigment that gives skin its colour. In freckles, pigment is concentrated in small, usually flat spots. Sunlight can make them darker, while inflammation from acne, eczema, shaving, or injury can leave a different type of dark mark. Pigmentation can also be affected by hormones or medicines, so the surrounding history matters.

Start with daily protection of exposed skin, gentle products, and treatment of any active irritation. Avoid picking, aggressive scrubs, and unprescribed lightening creams. A clinician can confirm the diagnosis and discuss whether IPL Photofacial or Picosecond Laser Treatment fits the colour, depth, and location of the pigment. Treatment choice should account for your natural skin tone and the possibility of temporary colour change.

Arrange an examination for a new mark that keeps changing, has multiple colours, becomes raised or scaly, or causes itching, pain, crusting, or bleeding. A spot that differs clearly from the rest of your pigmentation also deserves attention. Do not delay assessment while trying cosmetic products on a changing lesion.

Ask what type of pigmentation is present, whether a dermatoscope examination is appropriate, what may be triggering it, which ingredients are safe for you, and how treatment will be adjusted to your skin tone.