Fiber and constipation: what to know

Plant foods provide different types of fiber. Some fiber holds water and helps stool pass more easily; other fiber adds bulk and supports bowel movement. A sudden increase can cause gas, cramps or bloating, especially when fluids are limited. Constipation may also relate to medicines, reduced activity, dehydration, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease or an underactive thyroid. A persistent change deserves an assessment rather than an assumption that more fiber is the only answer.

Add one fiber-rich food at a time, such as oats, beans, lentils, vegetables, fruit with edible skin and wholegrain bread. Increase portions gradually and drink regularly unless a clinician has restricted your fluids. Walking and responding to the urge to open your bowels can help. Keep a short record of foods, stool texture, pain and bowel frequency. A nutrition counsellor can help tailor choices when bloating, food restrictions or another condition makes diet changes difficult.

Get urgent medical help for severe or persistent abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, a swollen abdomen, inability to pass stool or gas, black or bloody stool, fainting or confusion. Arrange medical advice for constipation that keeps returning, begins suddenly, or comes with unexplained weight loss, fever, anaemia symptoms or a significant change in your usual bowel pattern. Do not use repeated laxatives without checking the cause and suitable type.

Ask how much fiber and fluid suit your health, whether a medicine or thyroid problem contributes, and which bowel treatments are appropriate.