Eye stye causes: what to know

A stye, also called a hordeolum, is a tender bump near the edge of the eyelid. Debris, skin oil, or thickened secretions can obstruct a tiny gland. Bacteria that normally live on the skin may then multiply around the blocked area, causing swelling, redness, warmth, and soreness. Touching or rubbing the eyelids can transfer more bacteria and irritation. Styes may occur on the outer lid or deeper within it. They are different from many causes of widespread red eye or persistent eye discharge.

Apply a clean, comfortably warm compress to the closed eyelid for several minutes, repeating it through the day. Wash your hands before and after touching the area, keep the eyelid clean, and avoid squeezing or popping the bump. Pause eye makeup and contact lenses until the eyelid feels settled; do not share towels, cosmetics, or washcloths. If irritation extends beyond the bump, review information about Red Eye or Eye Discharge.

Arrange a GP Consultation if the swelling is worsening, keeps returning, does not begin improving with simple care, or affects the whole eyelid. Seek prompt medical help for vision changes, marked light sensitivity, severe pain, fever, or swelling spreading into the cheek. A clinician can check whether the lump is a stye or another eyelid problem and decide whether prescribed treatment is appropriate.

Ask what may have blocked the gland, whether the lump is superficial or deeper in the lid, and how long to continue warm compresses. Mention any previous styes, eyelid conditions, contact-lens use, makeup habits, or symptoms such as discharge and blurred vision.