Effects of Osteoporosis

Bone loss often develops quietly, without pain, until a fracture occurs. Breaks may involve the hip, wrist or spine. A vertebral compression fracture can cause sudden back pain, reduced height or a more rounded upper back. A hip fracture can affect walking and independence, while a stress fracture may cause focused pain that worsens with activity. These effects can also lead to fear of falling, reduced activity and loss of strength.

A clinician may assess your fracture risk with a bone density scan and review medicines, previous fractures, balance and nutrition. Vitamin D deficiency can contribute to poor bone health, so blood testing may be considered when appropriate.

Arrange a medical review if you have had a low-impact fracture, noticeable height loss or persistent back pain. Treatment may include weight-bearing activity suited to your ability, strength and balance exercises, fall-prevention changes at home, and adequate calcium and vitamin D from food or prescribed supplements. Your clinician may discuss bisphosphonate therapy or another medicine according to your fracture risk and health history.

Seek urgent assessment after a fall if you cannot stand, put weight through a limb, or have severe hip, back or wrist pain. Sudden intense back pain after lifting, twisting or a small jolt also deserves prompt review. Get emergency help for new leg weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, or numbness around the groin.

Ask which bones appear vulnerable, whether a bone density scan is appropriate, how to exercise safely, and whether calcium supplementation, vitamin D supplementation or bisphosphonate therapy fits your circumstances.