Effects of gout: what to know

Gout is an inflammatory reaction to urate crystals in and around a joint. An attack may make the joint hot, tender, swollen and difficult to move. The big toe is a familiar site, but ankle swelling, knee pain, knee swelling and other joint symptoms can also occur. Attacks may settle and then return if the underlying urate problem is not addressed.

Over time, deposits called tophi can develop near joints, tendons or the skin. Gout can also occur alongside conditions such as chronic kidney disease and obesity, so a clinician may review your wider health rather than treating the painful joint in isolation.

During a flare, rest the affected joint, follow the treatment plan given to you and avoid pressing or massaging a very tender area. After the attack, ask about a long-term plan if attacks recur, including medicines, hydration and realistic activity or weight-management support. Do not stop prescribed treatment without advice. Keeping dates, affected joints and possible triggers can help distinguish a flare from another cause of joint pain.

Seek prompt medical advice for a first attack, an unusually severe flare or symptoms that do not improve with your plan. Urgent assessment is needed for a hot swollen joint with fever, feeling very unwell, rapidly spreading redness or inability to move the joint, because infection can resemble gout.

Ask how gout was confirmed, whether urate levels and kidney function need review, and how to prevent future attacks. Ask which medicines are safe with your other conditions and what to do when the next flare begins.