What should you know about dry skin hyperpigmentation?

Dryness causes flaking, tightness and sensitivity. Scratching, rubbing, harsh cleansers or an episode of dermatitis can add inflammation; after that irritation settles, the affected area may look darker than nearby skin. This is post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and it can occur on the face, hands, elbows or other previously irritated areas. A dark patch is not diagnosed by colour alone, so a clinician may check its border, surface, distribution and changes over time.

Use a gentle cleanser, lukewarm water and a fragrance-free moisturiser, applying it while the skin is slightly damp. Avoid scrubs, picking and unprescribed lightening mixtures. Daily broad-spectrum sun protection helps reduce further darkening, especially on exposed skin. If colour remains after the dryness improves, a dermatologist may discuss options such as a chemical peel, skin brightening treatment, IPL Photofacial, Picosecond Laser Treatment or Hydroquinone Treatment. Choice depends on skin tone, the cause of the patch and the risk of irritation.

Arrange a dermatology review if a patch is new and changing, has an irregular outline, bleeds, crusts, becomes painful, or does not settle when the skin barrier is cared for. Seek prompt medical attention for rapidly spreading redness, marked swelling, pus, fever or eye involvement. Bring a list of new products, medicines and recent skin irritation to the appointment.

Could this be post-inflammatory pigmentation or another cause of darkening? Which moisturiser and sunscreen suit my skin? Should any lightening treatment wait until the irritation has settled? How should I test a prescribed product safely?