Different types of ovarian cysts

Functional cysts develop as part of the menstrual cycle. A follicular cyst forms when a follicle does not release an egg, while a corpus luteum cyst forms after ovulation. These cysts often change over time. An endometrioma is associated with endometriosis and contains old blood. A dermoid cyst develops from cells that can form different tissue types. Other cysts may be described as simple, complex, solid or mixed on imaging; those words describe appearance rather than a final diagnosis.

Many cysts cause no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they can include pelvic pressure, bloating, pain during sex or changes in bleeding. [Ovarian Cysts](/conditions/ovarian-cysts/) and [Pelvic Pain](/symptoms/pelvic-pain/) provide broader context.

A clinician may recommend a pelvic examination, pregnancy test and ultrasound. A [Transvaginal Ultrasound](/treatments/diagnostics-and-imaging/transvaginal-ultrasound/) can show whether a cyst is fluid-filled, solid or mixed and whether it has changed on follow-up. Management may be observation, symptom treatment or surgery, depending on appearance, symptoms, age, pregnancy status and whether the cyst persists. A [Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy](/treatments/gynaecological-surgery/laparoscopic-ovarian-cystectomy/) removes a cyst while aiming to preserve ovarian tissue when appropriate. The combined pill may help prevent some new ovulation-related cysts but does not remove an existing cyst.

Seek urgent care for sudden severe pelvic pain, pain with vomiting, faintness, a swollen abdomen, fever or heavy bleeding. These symptoms can occur with cyst rupture, ovarian twisting or another urgent condition. Arrange a routine review for persistent pain, increasing abdominal fullness, new bleeding changes or symptoms during pregnancy.

Ask what the scan shows, whether the cyst is likely related to ovulation or endometriosis, when repeat imaging is needed, whether treatment could affect fertility, and which symptoms should prompt emergency care. Ask whether the [Combined Pill](/treatments/contraception-and-family-planning/combined-pill/) is suitable for your contraception and symptom goals.