Different types of hysterectomy

A partial or supracervical hysterectomy removes the main body of the womb and leaves the cervix. A total hysterectomy removes the womb and cervix. A radical hysterectomy removes the womb and cervix with nearby tissues and is generally considered for some cancers. The fallopian tubes and ovaries may be removed separately; this is not automatically part of every hysterectomy. Removing both ovaries brings on surgical menopause if they were still producing hormones.

The route can be through the vagina, through small abdominal incisions using a camera, or through a larger abdominal incision. The suitable route depends on womb size, previous operations, the condition being treated and the surgeon's assessment. Hysterectomy ends periods and removes the ability to carry a pregnancy.

Ask which organs are planned for removal and why, whether the cervix and ovaries can remain, and what alternatives exist. Hysterectomy may be discussed for [Uterine Fibroids](/conditions/uterine-fibroids/), [Adenomyosis](/conditions/adenomyosis/), [Endometriosis](/conditions/endometriosis/), [Endometrial Hyperplasia](/conditions/endometrial-hyperplasia/) or cancer. Your preparation may include medication instructions, arranging help at home and planning a gradual return to activity.

Contact the surgical team promptly for fever, increasing wound redness, worsening pain, foul-smelling discharge, heavy vaginal bleeding, calf swelling or new breathlessness. Emergency help is needed for severe chest pain, sudden breathing difficulty, fainting or uncontrolled bleeding. Seek advice as well for new bladder or bowel problems.

Ask what the operation will remove, which route is recommended, how recovery may affect work and lifting, whether hormone changes are expected, and what symptoms should trigger a call. If heavy bleeding or pain is the reason for surgery, discuss how those symptoms are expected to change; see [Heavy Periods](/symptoms/heavy-periods/) and [Pelvic Pain](/symptoms/pelvic-pain/).