Different types of chickenpox

Chickenpox often begins with feeling unwell, followed by an itchy rash that appears in crops. Spots can become fluid-filled blisters and then crust, so new spots and older crusts may be present together. The rash can affect the face, scalp, trunk and limbs, and may also involve the mouth. A mild or modified presentation can occur after partial immune protection, while illness may be more extensive in adults, pregnant people, newborns or people with weakened immunity.

Chickenpox and Shingles are related but different illnesses. Shingles usually causes a painful, localised blistering rash along a nerve rather than the widespread crops typical of chickenpox. A clinician may need to distinguish them from other causes of Skin Blisters.

Limit close contact with people who are pregnant, newborn or immunocompromised until a clinician confirms that the illness is no longer contagious. Keep nails short, avoid scratching, wear loose clothing and wash hands regularly. A GP Consultation can help confirm the diagnosis and review medicines for itch or fever. Antiviral Treatment may be considered for some higher-risk people, especially when started early; do not self-start prescription medicine.

Seek prompt medical advice for breathing difficulty, severe headache, confusion, repeated vomiting, dehydration, a rapidly worsening rash, or skin that becomes hot, very painful or pus-filled. Contact a clinician quickly if the illness affects an infant, pregnancy or someone with reduced immunity. Emergency care is needed for severe illness or a rash involving the eye.

Ask whether the rash is consistent with chickenpox, how long to avoid close contact, which medicines are suitable for itch or Fever, and whether antiviral treatment is appropriate. Discuss Chickenpox Vaccination for prevention and what to do if a household contact is vulnerable.