Different types of basal cell carcinoma

Nodular basal cell carcinoma often appears as a pearly or flesh-coloured bump that may bleed after minor irritation. Superficial basal cell carcinoma can resemble a thin pink or red scaly patch, particularly on the trunk. Morpheaform or sclerosing basal cell carcinoma may feel firm and look like a pale, scar-like area, with less obvious edges. Pigmented basal cell carcinoma contains brown, blue or black colour and can be confused with other pigmented lesions. Ulcerated lesions may form an open sore or crust that repeatedly returns.

These patterns describe appearance and growth behaviour; they are not a diagnosis from a photograph. A dermatologist may use magnification and take a biopsy so the cells can be examined and the depth assessed.

Arrange a dermatology assessment for a new or changing lesion, especially one that repeatedly crusts, bleeds, ulcerates, or fails to heal. Note when it appeared, whether it changes, and any previous skin cancers. Treatment depends on the site, size, borders, subtype and whether it has returned. Options may include surgical removal, margin-controlled surgery, freezing, prescription treatment for selected superficial lesions, or other specialist procedures. Do not pick at a sore or rely on home treatments while waiting.

Book a prompt appointment for a persistent pearly bump, scaly patch, non-healing sore, or scar-like change. Seek earlier review if it is enlarging, repeatedly bleeding, painful, affecting an eyelid, nose, ear or lip, or sitting near an important opening. Urgent care is appropriate for bleeding that will not stop with firm pressure or for rapidly worsening redness, swelling or pain around a lesion.

Ask whether the lesion needs a biopsy, which pattern is suspected, how its location affects treatment, and how much skin may need to be removed. You can also ask how the wound will be cared for, what changes should prompt review, and how to reduce further ultraviolet exposure.