Understanding the DEXA scan scale

A report may include a T-score, a Z-score, or both. These are comparison tools rather than diagnoses: one comparison is commonly used for bone density relative to a young-adult reference, while the other compares with people of a similar age and sex. The report may also describe the measured site and whether the result is within the expected range.

Reference ranges can be affected by age, sex, menopausal status, body size, and the software used. The Bone Density Scan guide explains the examination, and DEXA Scanner describes the measuring device.

Ask the clinician to explain which score applies to you and whether the result indicates a need for monitoring, lifestyle measures, further assessment, or treatment. Bring details of previous fractures, falls, medicines, and conditions that affect bone health. Keep earlier reports because change over time may be more informative than a single reading.

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency can affect the conversation about bone health, so mention it if relevant. Do not interpret a scale value in isolation or change treatment based only on a number from an online source.

Arrange prompt medical review for a new fracture after a minor injury, persistent back pain, hip pain, loss of height, or repeated falls. Seek urgent help after a major injury, severe sudden pain, limb deformity, or inability to walk. A scan result cannot safely assess an acute injury on its own.

Which score is relevant to my age and health history? What body site was measured, and how confident is the comparison? Does my result change my fracture-risk assessment or treatment? When should the measurement be reviewed?