What do DEXA scan measurements mean?

A DEXA report commonly identifies the sites measured, such as the hip or lower spine, and gives a bone mineral density value. It may also include a T-score, which compares bone density with that of a healthy young-adult reference, and a Z-score, which compares it with people of a similar age and sex. The correct score depends on the person being assessed.

A lower measurement can indicate reduced bone density, but the number is not interpreted in isolation. Age, sex, fracture history, medicines, menopause status and medical conditions can change what the result means for you.

Keep the full report and ask the clinician to identify the measured site, the score used, and whether the result is stable, changing or limited by technical factors. Do not compare values from different machines as though they were interchangeable. Follow advice about strength-building activity, nutrition, fall prevention and treatment when it is prescribed.

The equipment is outlined in DEXA Scanner, while Bone Density Scan covers the wider examination and follow-up process.

A DEXA result does not assess an acute injury. Seek prompt care after a fall when pain is severe, walking is difficult, or a limb or joint looks abnormal. Contact a clinician urgently for new numbness or weakness, or loss of bladder or bowel control. These warning signs require clinical assessment regardless of a previous scan.

Ask which measurement matters most in your case, whether the hip and spine results differ, how fracture history changes the assessment, and whether any medicines affect the reading. Ask what action follows from the report and when your clinician would consider another measurement.