DEXA scan and hyperparathyroidism: what to know

Hyperparathyroidism causes the body to handle calcium differently. Over time, this can reduce mineral content in bone, particularly at some skeletal sites. A DEXA scan uses low-dose X-rays to estimate bone mineral density, commonly at the hip and lower spine, and sometimes the forearm. The report is interpreted alongside calcium, parathyroid hormone, vitamin levels, kidney function, age and medical history. A low result does not by itself prove that hyperparathyroidism is the cause, and a reassuring result does not replace follow-up of abnormal blood tests.

Take your referral and a list of medicines and supplements to the imaging appointment. Tell the team about previous fractures, kidney problems, pregnancy or a recent scan involving contrast material. Wear clothing without bulky metal fasteners if the centre advises it. Ask how the result will be shared and whether repeat testing is needed. Your clinician may also arrange blood and urine tests, review hydration and calcium intake, and discuss treatment aimed at the parathyroid problem or bone health.

Contact a clinician promptly for worsening weakness, persistent vomiting, confusion, severe thirst with frequent urination, or new severe bone pain. Seek urgent care for sudden confusion, fainting, chest symptoms, or a suspected fracture. These symptoms need assessment because calcium disturbances and fractures can require treatment; they should not be judged from a DEXA result alone.

Ask which bones will be measured, how hyperparathyroidism may affect interpretation, whether your blood calcium and parathyroid hormone results change the plan, and when you should review the report.