Conjunctivitis and red eye: what to know

The small blood vessels on the eye surface become more visible when the conjunctiva is inflamed, making the white of the eye look pink or red. Watering, burning, a gritty feeling, eyelid swelling, and discharge may accompany it. Red eye has other possible causes, including a corneal problem, injury, or inflammation inside the eye, so the intensity of redness does not establish the diagnosis.

Use a clean cool compress over closed eyelids for irritation and wipe away discharge with clean water and a fresh cloth. Wash hands often, avoid rubbing the eyes, and do not share towels or cosmetics. Stop contact lenses and eye makeup while the eye is red. A pharmacist can advise on suitable lubricating drops. Do not use redness-relief drops repeatedly or use prescription drops without advice, because they may be unsuitable for the underlying problem.

Get urgent assessment if the red eye is painful, vision is reduced or blurred, light becomes difficult to tolerate, the pupil looks unusual, or the eye was injured or exposed to a chemical. Contact lens wearers should seek prompt advice for pain or marked redness. Arrange a GP consultation if symptoms are not improving, are recurrent, or include thick discharge.

Ask whether the redness fits conjunctivitis or another eye problem, whether drops are appropriate, and how long to avoid lenses. Confirm which changes mean you should return urgently.