Conjunctivitis in children: what to know

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the surface covering the eye. A child may have redness, watering, eyelid crusting, itching or a gritty feeling. Viral illness, bacteria, allergy and irritation can produce overlapping signs, so discharge alone cannot identify the cause. Babies and young children may not describe blurred vision or pain clearly; watch their behaviour, including whether they keep an eye closed, avoid light or become unusually unsettled.

Clean away discharge gently with clean lukewarm water and a fresh cotton pad for each wipe, then wash your hands. Encourage the child not to rub the eye and do not share towels, face cloths or pillows. Keep contact lenses away from children who use them until a clinician says they may restart. Do not put leftover drops, breast milk or household remedies in the eye. A clinician can advise about nursery or school attendance and whether prescribed treatment is needed.

Seek prompt assessment for eye pain, vision change, strong light sensitivity, marked swelling, an injury, chemical splash or a suspected foreign body. A very young baby with a red or sticky eye should be assessed promptly. Urgent care is appropriate when symptoms worsen quickly, the child cannot open the eye, or they seem significantly unwell. A GP consultation can help separate conjunctivitis from corneal or eyelid problems.

Ask what cleaning method is suitable, whether the child needs prescribed drops, when group activities are reasonable, and which changes mean the eye should be reviewed sooner.