Common signs of dehydration

Dehydration happens when fluid loss is greater than fluid intake. Vomiting, diarrhoea, sweating, fever, heat exposure, and difficulty drinking can all contribute. Urine may become darker and less frequent, but urine colour can also be affected by medicines or foods. Dry lips, constipation, muscle cramps, a fast heartbeat, irritability, and reduced alertness can occur as fluid loss increases. Dehydration may accompany Gastroenteritis or Heat Exhaustion, and symptoms such as cloudy urine or pain may point to another problem rather than dehydration alone.

Sip water regularly; after vomiting or diarrhoea, an oral rehydration solution can replace both fluid and salts. Small, frequent sips may be easier than a large drink. Rest in a cool place if heat contributed, and continue light food as tolerated. Babies, older adults, and people with kidney or heart conditions can become unwell quickly or need tailored fluid advice, so contact a clinician early rather than relying only on thirst.

Seek urgent care for confusion, fainting, severe weakness, very little or no urine, inability to keep fluids down, rapid breathing, or worsening drowsiness. Get prompt assessment after heat exposure if you are not improving with cooling and fluids. Contact a clinician if dehydration follows ongoing vomiting or diarrhoea, or if urinary symptoms, flank pain, or blood in urine suggest Urinary Tract Infection or Kidney Stones.

What is causing my fluid loss, and which rehydration drink is suitable for me? How much should I drink given my kidney, heart, or other health conditions?