Clinical features of pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames air sacs in the lungs. A cough may bring up phlegm, while fever and chills reflect the body's response to infection. Breathing may feel faster, harder or more painful, especially with a deep breath or cough. Tiredness, reduced appetite and feeling generally unwell can accompany the main symptoms. Older adults and people with long-term health conditions may have less typical features, so a new change in breathing or alertness deserves attention.

Arrange a medical assessment if a new cough is accompanied by fever, breathlessness, chest pain or worsening weakness. A clinician may listen to your chest, check oxygen levels and decide whether further tests are needed. Rest, drink fluids if you can, and follow the treatment plan provided. Do not share antibiotics or use leftover medicine. Symptoms can overlap with COVID-19 or influenza, so mention recent contact, travel and the timing of your illness.

Seek urgent medical help for severe difficulty breathing, blue or grey lips, new confusion, fainting, severe chest pain, or inability to keep fluids down. Get prompt advice if symptoms are rapidly worsening or if you are pregnant, very young, older, or living with a condition affecting the heart, lungs or immune system. A serious infection can sometimes spread beyond the lungs and lead to sepsis.

Ask what findings support pneumonia, whether you need a chest examination or imaging, which treatments are suitable, and what change should prompt a review. Ask how to manage fever and cough safely and when you can return to normal activity.