What should you know about pertussis?

Pertussis may begin like a mild cold, with a runny nose and little or no fever, before the cough becomes more forceful. Repeated coughing fits can cause vomiting, exhaustion or a high-pitched intake of breath; babies may have pauses in breathing instead of a classic whoop. The cough can continue after the infection itself is improving.

A cough does not by itself identify pertussis. A clinician considers its duration and pattern, age, vaccination history and contact with an infected person. Babies, pregnant people and those with underlying breathing problems need particular care because complications can develop quickly.

Call a GP promptly rather than waiting for a prolonged cough to settle, especially if a baby or vulnerable person has been exposed. Antibiotic treatment may reduce spread and works best when started on clinical advice. Stay home as advised, cover coughs, wash hands and avoid close contact with infants. Review childhood immunisation records and ask whether household contacts need advice.

Seek emergency help for blue or grey lips, pauses in breathing, severe breathing difficulty, inability to drink, marked drowsiness or repeated vomiting. Arrange prompt medical assessment for a cough that comes in fits, causes vomiting, or follows known exposure. A fever with a worsening cough also warrants advice, particularly in a young baby.

Ask whether testing is needed, when you can return to work or school, whether antibiotic treatment is appropriate, and how to protect babies at home. Confirm the next vaccination step and which breathing changes should trigger emergency help.