Causes of simple goitre

The thyroid sits at the front of the neck and makes hormones that influence how the body uses energy. A goitre can occur with normal hormone levels, an underactive thyroid or an overactive thyroid. Hypothyroidism may be linked with tiredness, feeling cold, dry skin or constipation, while Hyperthyroidism may bring heat intolerance, tremor, weight change or a fast heartbeat. A goitre can be smooth or lumpy, and its size does not by itself show how well the thyroid is working.

Arrange a GP Consultation for a new neck swelling, even if it is not painful. A clinician may feel the thyroid, ask about swallowing or breathing, review medicines and arrange a Thyroid Function Test. Further imaging or specialist assessment may be considered if the gland is uneven, growing or causing pressure symptoms. Avoid taking iodine or thyroid products without advice.

Seek urgent help if neck swelling suddenly makes breathing or swallowing difficult, or if it is accompanied by severe palpitations, faintness or marked agitation. Arrange prompt assessment for a rapidly enlarging lump, persistent hoarseness, pain or a new hard area.

Ask whether your thyroid hormone levels are normal, whether the swelling is even or nodular, and whether you need imaging or an endocrinology referral. Mention family thyroid problems, pregnancy, medicines and changes in weight, energy or heartbeat.