Causes of dry, itchy scalp

Fine flakes after a new shampoo, dye, or styling product may point to contact irritation. Greasy or yellowish scale around the scalp, eyebrows, or ears can occur with seborrheic dermatitis, while thicker, sharply defined scale may occur with scalp psoriasis. Tender bumps or pus around individual hairs suggest folliculitis. Itching that is especially strong behind the ears or at the nape, with visible nits attached to hairs, can occur with head lice. Dandruff commonly causes scalp flaking and itch without the thick plaques or infected-looking bumps seen in some other conditions.

Pause newly introduced fragranced products and rinse shampoo thoroughly. Use lukewarm water, avoid scratching, and keep fingernails short. A pharmacist or clinician can help choose a medicated shampoo when dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis is suspected; treatment needs to contact the scalp for the instructed time. Do not share combs, hats, brushes, or bedding if head lice are possible. Gentle washing is reasonable, but repeated vigorous scrubbing can worsen irritation.

Arrange a dermatology assessment if the itch persists, scale is thick, hair is breaking, or treatment does not help. Seek prompt care for spreading redness, warmth, swelling, drainage, fever, or painful sores. A clinician can examine the scalp closely and distinguish inflammation, infection, and infestation before recommending prescription treatment.

Could this be dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, folliculitis, or lice? Which scalp products should I stop? How should I use a medicated shampoo, and what changes would require an earlier review?